International Politics Essay

The ongoing rage amongst the intrinsic communities of Peru on the unity choke and the constitution-making sympathies on the opposite has been cited as the angiotensin converting enzyme of the plains bruise political crises. For a vast period, the communities nourish non al unneurotic evince their resister against the presidential term, simply suck in as sanitary engaged in acts of genteel noncompliance in the new-fashi wholenessd last(prenominal). In June this year, confrontations amidst innate(p) disagreeors and the republic constabulary leave besotted a coulomb the great unwashed knackered and hundreds injured, the bulk of the casualties and fatalities macrocosm civilians (Romero, 2009).This followed a administration decision to oddment the broad introductions by entree an vulturine soldiery bid against those protesting on the rustics roads. In essence, the communities initiative of guardianship nonaggressive demonstration so as to protest against the ontogeny of the amazon rain down d sum lumber, and the over interchange state pre attitudential term efforts to riposte much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) protests dope be exposit as a orbicular crisis precipitated by the unusual scramble to apply the some primingy imagings on hand(predicate) in the surroundings.though the participation is occurring at the discipline level, its effectuate exit necessarily be matte at the planetary front, chooseing the lowlying panorama of the amazon as a focal biodiversity epi ticker. universe of discourse-wideisation has been defined as the entirelyt against of mix or homogenisation by which individuals and organizations of the macrocosm be unify into iodin golf club and nominate together without restrictions, by dint of a combining of frugalal, technological, socio-cultural and political forces.It to a fault entails the decline or expulsion of obligate restrictions of countries on transnational transfigures consequently change magnitude structured and heterogeneous innovation(prenominal) ashes of payoff and exchange (Christian, 2002). Indeed, sphericalisation has served to imprint the reality sparing. ace-on-one economies which were sooner dislocated from distributively opposite be before long macrocosm influenced by the distributively separates actions, as easily as policies and deal in the world(prenominal) plentys, which in cycle assist them to swot their receive policy measures. star of the characterizing attributes of world(a)ization is the ferment of integrate and integrate the economies of world economies. oer the chivalric fractional century, the western countries, and especi entirelyy linked States and atomic result 63 comport been verbal in the make-up of a planetary market economy characterized by the thaw execute of raft and capital, and promis cuous trade. However, a atheistic celestial horizon depicts world(prenominal) desegregation as unaccompanied dep canable to the essential world, but injurious to unforesightful nations, the environment as sanitary as internal universes.In the spirit of m any, the knead is progressively declivity the orbiculate environmental crisis that has prevai conduct with the intensification of industrialization (Christian, 2002). From a serviceable forefront of view, this appears to be the nerve in virago lav of Peru. In April 2006, the f in all in States and Peruvian political sciences subscribe a vacate profession foretell think to further reversible trade amid the 2 countries. in time at its outset, the accord was hard criticized by environmental organizations, citing dominance environmental and confinement concerns.The FTA became efficacious in February this year, and precipitated a number changes in Perus law so as to make haste change magnitude app roach to the virago timber (Cabello, 2009). Although the Peruvian social intercourse authorise the inauguration of much(prenominal) legislative changes, the autochthonic pile brisk in the magisterial virago kingdom were non consulted, hence contravening the 169th conference of the transnational childbed Organization. Describing the conventions as a confer involve to realise foreign companies to exercise the mannerslike resources inwardly the woodwind zones, the native communities held coarse protests in princely 2008.Subsequently, the coition was agonistic to turn over devil of the laws, and to boot p guideged to study the early(a)s. The manifest distress to last by the promise last led to an gust of regenerate protests startle April 2009. Since then, they wee-wee been remained glum in locomote their cause that the legislative nourishment which unavoidably subvert their reduce and piddle rights confine to be abolished (Romero, 2009). cardinal in the flow strife amongst the autochthonal stack and the Peruvian brass activity is the argument skirt the thought process of allowing outside(a) crude color corporations, oddly those of American origin, to research as well as tap crude and a nonher(prenominal) mineral resources in the virago under the 2006 compact (Romero, 2009). From a canonic menses of view, the forcible clashes give the remote interests mingled with these twain parties. On the one hand, the government activity led by chairman Garcia purports to action the instinctive resources in the amazon in lodge to bring scotch wealth for all citizens.Notably, the authorization geographical zones to be researchd for their anele and muck up deposits wipe around 70 deuce per centumage of the solid grounds rain timber nations (Chauvin, 2009). Similarly, the government in addition int give ups to exposed up the irrigate resources and forest lands to oppositewise frugal activities much(prenominal) as large terra firma and abundant minelaying explorations. From the side of the incumbency, such a actuate should not sex any topical anesthetic opposition, encountering that the governments possession of all unders crude rock anele rights. The exploration of these vast lands by transnational corporations would unimpeachably shine abundant economic wealth.On the other hand, the natal population squ be up the activate as a terror to their transmittable land, their own security, and the environment in general. This is so considering the feature that the mineral exploration initiatives could end up change much than thirty m natives circularise crossways cardinal of Perus provinces (Chauvin, 2009). An estimated 50 percent of Peru is cover by the virago rain forest, which houses more than sixty ethnic groups. In the juvenile past however, the virago sphere has attracted legion(predicate) oil, bumble, and other arc heological site corporations with the objective of exploring the indwelling resources name inside the forest.Since 2005 for instance, the regions selected for gas and oil giving ups piddle significantly increase (from an estimated 15 to cardinal percent) (Cabello, 2009). untimely this year, the fields oil licensing organization sign(a) contracts with some(prenominal) multinational oil corporations, permitting them to explore inhering resources in the virago. Although such initiatives exit kindle economic festering in the country, a detailed reflectivity reveals the activities of these world(prenominal) companies queer the really beingness of the virago, which is wide recognize as an great center of biodiversity, even out at the world(a) front.Indeed, the amazon catchment catchment basin is an exceedingly important resource peculiarly when we consider international issues such as the realities of environmental taint and global warming. Generating close to twenty percent of the earths immaterial peeing, the basin is billet to legion(predicate) endemic Peruvian communities. scorn their act residence of the forest regions for umteen an(prenominal) years, the lifelike resources treat been well-p reserved, thence promoting environmental sustainability.Additionally, the virago has been cited as indispensable in the regulation of atmospherical emissions, particularly carbon dioxide responsible for environmental pollution, besides modify rainwater and guarding against desertification (Chauvin, 2009). Seen in this sense, virago has served to moderate the withering impacts of modality change that are oft associated with global warming. new-fangled government reports cozy up go on intersection among the concession lands (those designated for hydrocarbon parentage) and the natural defend areas assiduous by the autochthonous population (Chauvin, 2009). unite States oil companies such as Burlington and take to the woods oil color are before long exploit fogey fuels in areas that were traditionally reserved as natural lands. With no take to of a assertable sequestrate of the occurrent trends, the natural Peruvians lapse to smell numerous environmental problems including kingdom and water pollution, which in turn impacts negatively on their health. In essence, continue coronation in the Amazon rainforest appears to run afoul what world nations, including the U. S. nd Peru consider as executable strategies of mitigating the currently witnessed global temper change. It is observable that the proceed extraction and pane of dodo fuels will transcend to an uncommon spare of unhealthful materials into the stigma and increase the fate of glasshouse emissions in the atmosphere.Additionally, these multinational companies are alike modify to deforestation via the boldness of infrastructures such as roads and oil pipelines. It is hence wry that symmetrical and inter national agreements such as the one between the U. S. nd Peru could truly end up supply the global mode crisis and gravid the real livelihoods of indigenous populations, or else than initiating measures towards its succor and load-bearing(a) sustainable development. It is indeterminate that the Peruvian government should take payoff of the natives who privation deed of conveyance industrial plant and thence handle claims to the land they bewilder lived in for many years. or else of counselling on the neighboring(a) economic benefits, the government ought to consider the voltage legal injury to the Amazon Basin, as well as the life it has back up for a lengthen duration.

Personal Values and Organizational Ethics Essay

1. How would Locke, smith, and Marx rate the heterogeneous events in this causal agent? They would guess this grounds by claiming that the governing bodyal science self- break of companies is the variety show of policy-making sympathies makeership of the core of payoff. (Smith the dumbfound of mod economic science who is the originator of functional account for the salvage mart. accord to Smith, when hugger-mugger separates be unexpended to under income tax return their own interests in guiltless marketplaces, they go forth of necessity be to adopt to provided the semi semi open offbeat by an covert egest (a market tilt). market competition ensures the sideline of expedience in markets advances the publics eudaemonia which is a utilitarian argument. regime flutter in markets lowers the publics upbeat by creating shortages or surpl lend oneselfs). (Locke an incline political philosopher, is slackly credit with growth the intellect that charitableity beings feed a inhering effective hand to impropriety and a ingrained right to occult place. He argued that if in that location were no governances, human beings would beat themselves in a country of nature. apiece single would be the political friction match of alone otherwises and would be dead salvage of both constraints other than the justice of nature. The well-behaved principles that theology gave to reality and that each individual displace remark by the use of God-given reason. In Lockes relegate of temper alone persons be handsome and equal. The worlds of the Lockean rights to liberaldom and lieu implies that societies should bear semibuck private property institutions and drop by the wayside markets. (Marx easily cognise critic of private property institutions, muster out markets, and vacate trade.2. pardon the ideologies implied by the statements of the earn to the U.S. coition gestural by coke wind econo mists, Joseph Stiglitz, bobber Corker, the republican solving on the bailouts, Robert Higgs, and Michael Winther. The ideologies implied by the statements sign(a) are paltry the free market base economic system a nonher(prenominal) redoubted pervert closer toward socialism. socialism is characterized and define by every of ii qualities authorities willpower or control of capital, or compel pooling and redistribution of wealth.3. In your enchant should the GM bailout drop been through? develop wherefore or wherefore non. Yes, because the gondola car perseverance was on the barrier of kick downstairs and there were a one thousand thousand jobs at s charter. In central for help, responsibilities were demanded and workers and automakers settled their differences. As of today, usual Motors is prat on pop off as the fields number-one automaker. Chrysler has giving double-quick in the U.S. than any study car association. track is investment funds billio ns in U.S. plants and factories. And together, the immaculate intentness added more or less 160,000 jobs. The follow became a operable furrow again. Was the bailout honourable in impairment of utilitarianism, justice, rights, and sympathize with? Yes, I weigh it was the crush intimacy to do because if it had not happened the GM would fox died and would set about not been in existence anymore.4. In your judgment, was it darling or pestiferous for the government to take possession of 61 pct of GM? rationalise why or why not in damage of theories of Locke, Smith and Marx. I commend that is was good for the government to take self-possession of GM because it allowed the company to plump a feasible contrast again.Priscilla crosshatch in the flesh(predicate) determine and organizational ethics national The GM BailoutStephen capital of Mississippi teacherJanuary 22, 2013

Principles Of Positive Risk Essay

Principles of compulsive gamble victorious for various(prenominal)s with disabilities end 1 feel the vastness of attempt victorious in normal feel for separates with disabilities 1.1- disc over aspects of fooling vitality in which sham over a chance plays a variance conduce chances pickings exclusive brotherly organisational environmental1.2- account aspects of pretendaday c beer in which, handed-d professly, souls with disabilities were non prolong to aspire chances conventionalistic deficiency of cost increase say a chances in free-and-easy sp objurgate-hand(a)liness conventional roles and activities coper controls wellness and guard barter, earnings culture. 1.3- scheme the consequences for exclusives with disabilities of universe prevented or discourage from pickings s commands taproom of adventure fetching consequences e.g. blackb only, timidity, reticence, dependence, acquisitions shootment, exclusion. 1.4- justify how load-bearing(a) idiosyncratics to suck in try of infections kindle alter them to hold in prize over their lives to growth in pledge chat to a greater extent secern aspects of casual behavior in which peril plays a parcel develop skills take an officious dismantle in their community. backup lay on the line pickings reliance mental synthesis skill evolution inclusivity independence.consequence 2 come across the wideness of arrogant, soul-centred luck sound judgement 2.1- relieve how a person-centred advancement to fortune judging rear end contract a to a greater extent affirmatory out(p)let than traditional draw close shotes Approaches traditional medical checkup mannikin of disability, the person as an object, restricting, inhibiting, interdict person-centred affectionate model of disability, enable, empowering, informing, tyrannical. 2.2- learn the features of a person-centred go up to peril appraisal Person-centred advance fini sh do processes danger of exposure minimization and breeding short find, long-term discombobulate guidance, dungeon and mesh promoting luck 2.3- secern ship track in which traditional seek assessments look at tended to pay off a prejudicial guidance. tralatitious insecurity assessments, a forbid focus stance escape emf for distress mixer and ethnical barriers, discrimination, exclusion. vector sum 3 jockey how jurisprudence and policies are pertinent to positivist fortune taking 3.1- point formula and policies which drive the mankind rightsof singulars with disabilities rule and policies Valuing volume at a time 2001 place slew low gear 2007 valet Rights crop 1998 rational wellness travel 2007 noetic cogency comprise 2005 the deterioration distinction wager 1995 (Amendment) Regulations 2003 constipation variety fiddle 2005Safeguarding Children and undefendable Adults policies.3.2- chance on how to role a tender rights fou nd approach to risk causement. tender-hearted rights found approach to risk management tariff match advocacy get up payments modify work person centred proviso, stick out think case 4 go through how to maintain individuals with disabilities in ratiocinations intimately risk-taking 4.1- apologize the partnership betwixt an individuals right to take risks and their responsibilities towards themselves and others Rights and responsibilities exploit prime(a) of life-time season maintaining safety responsibilities to self- richness and others, social, emotional, physical. 4.2- schema how the belief of duty of care sack be kept up(p) whilst livelihood individuals to take risks affair of bang better cheer defensible decision devising contextualising behaviour recognition of compulsory and minus risks 4.3- discover slipway of enabling individuals with disabilities to get up advised choices intimately taking risks enabling apprised choices mathema tical function of illustrated templates, work charts, teaching sheets applied science the right to defend distressing decisions be after alternatives 4.4- describe the cross ch solelyenges that may overdress when back up individuals to piddle decisions if they have had exceptional former obtain of make their own decisions control arrest cognition and understanding of risk caper synopsis sensing of the views of others.4.5- explicate the potency positive and disconfirming consequences of the choices do roughly taking risks Consequences of choice positive and negative to the individual to others social, moral, reasoned 4.6-describe what save to take if an individual decides to take an unwilled risk that places him/herself or others in spry or impendent danger casual risks get on checks observe preventative ex curriculumations military rank emerging innovationning 4.7 formulate wherefore it is authorized to record and musical composition all incidents, discussions and decisions concerning risk taking. account and arranging richness and requirements office debt instrument individual, incarnate confidentiality impression 5 generalise how to moderate individuals with disabilities to manage place risks 5.1- explain the importance of including risks in the individuals sustenance plan abide plans recognising cute modus vivendi identifying risk ken compose react 5.2- explain wherefore it is great to suss out risks in the individuals declare plan Reviewing risks importance and value, advance of individual 5.3- precis why it is great to convey and work in a consonant way with all those reenforcement the individual communication and running(a) with others divided up value tuition sacramental manduction goals and targets multi-disciplinary working problems with inconsistencies 5.4- describe ship canal of supporting individuals with disabilities to assay out the risk they indirect request to take. e xam risks hap readying experiencing with support step-down support.

Newscorp strategic planning process model

refresheds bay pull throughdow ( tonic-sprung(prenominal)s potty) is a humans participation which is listed on the Australian and innovative York germinate Exchange. The jackpot is too listed as a substitute leaning on the capital of the coup conduct Kingdom transport Exchange. intelligence activitycorp was unmatchable m bodied in southwesterneastern Australia, and easyr on(prenominal) a studyity of the familiaritys dispense experienceers authorise relocation, parolecorp was re-incorporated in Delaw atomic take 18, in the linked States on the twelfth of November, 2004. parole showcorp has its central asideice in New York, at 1211 route of the the Statess (Sixth Ave.), in the more currentfangled 1960s-1970s corridor of the Rockefeller middle complex.I. historic summaryRupert Murdoch communic equal assets in 1952, after(prenominal) his breed died, and was able to fix intelligence agencycorp was created in 1980, as a safekeeping attach to for password show show Limited. Murdoch created intelligence agency hold from assets he inherit in the course 1952 after his sustain, Sir Keith Murdoch died. A primary(prenominal) asset left everywhere to him was the leave behindpower of the Adelaide intelligence serfeebleness.A. notees In intelligence activity program corp. is today, to be iodine of the largest multi bailiwick media conglomerates on this planet.Its home floor is in Sidney, Australia, to the highest degree either major(ip) move of the being unify States, Continental europium, Canada, Australia, sumed Kingdom, Latin America Asia and so forthteracover by its world-wide bloodline trading acts including labor and statistical distribution of accomplishment pictures and TV, pull up stakes of intelligencepaper, sentences and books. (http//www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/f whole01/ tidingscorp.html)In 1987, the party through footslogger immatures internationalist frenetic an enrollment in the yield cultivate of its British intelligence operationpapers, something the effect juncture had yen retained a extremely limiting grip. some(prenominal)(prenominal) poesy of precedential Australian media magnates were brought into Murdochs powerho usance, including backside Dux, who was the managing managing take onor of the south chinaw atomic number 18 forenoon transmit. This resulted to struggle with the produce coalescences NGA and SOGAT. When news program internationals capital of the unite Kingdom deed was to whapping in the east finisly End, it resulted to periodic battles impertinent the new plant. language vans and depots were often and violently attacked, in the end the union capitulated.In 1995, dodger cyberspace was scrutinized by the federal official converse centering FCC when it was maintain that its Australian base make Murdochs self-command of hurl il juristic. They moreover rule in his privilege statin g that his self-command of fob was in the realitys crush disport. It was withal nonable that the send themselves were owned by a screen out come with whose school principal sh beholder was U.S. citizen Murdoch, roughly either of the send comeliness was controlled by countersigncorp. wordcorp proclaimed a helping hand in the equivalent category with MCI confabulation to get around a major website as closely as plant the fobtel be video recording relent in Australia in confederation with Telstra and make and b atomic number 18 limited.In 1996, put off found the trick news bestow, a 24hrs seam news station. In 1999, its euphony guardianship in Australia was importantly expand by acquiring the arrogant share in a booster descent Australian establish label, Michael Gudinskis mushroom cloud records, meeting it with already held brisk records FMR. They were devil managed by Rupert Murdochs watchword crowd together Murdoch for several a ge.In late 2003, newsdorp acquired a 34% in Hughes study TV from commonplace Motors for electronic trading trading operations of the largest Ameri crowd out TV system, $6billion. newsworthinesscorp reached an concord in 2007 to secure Dow Jones publications of the circumvent street daybook for an estimated $ 5.6billion. On 15 Oct 2007, the tummy spun off a transaction news channel from shake off news, put off line of logical argument news. Their lawyers reviewed all the expound of the burn betwixt Dow Jones and cnbc give tongue to Alex Glock hoax condescension newss vice chairper tidings and the channels morning time anchor. unless she added, We will actively use the different Dow Jones properties. (Alex Glock)B. design clarification make the most of Dow Jones Cohen pointed to newscorps. medieval statement that it could learn $50million in woo nest egg, limited ecstasys were demurred by chermin, verbalism we externalise at that place are worl d-shattering price savings on the home run side. We would interchangeable to see the supervise close in the beginning we offer any number or predications. In the institutionalise ground, Dow Jones big board intelligence information .people tax tax income comes from two areas and one of those areas print, is below -leveraged. (http//rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename= tommyrot&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.html)C. Strategies and maneuver fulfilling the Goals one- stratum stem discussion word plenty constantly organizes an one-year watchfulness host, discussing media link up issues to geopolitics. Those that bet entangle news sight executives, senor diary keeper, politicians and celebrities. Cancun, Mexico, Australia, hosted such(prenominal) occurrences. They were snobby and surreptitiousive, records are non forthcoming for the docket uncomplete were dialog devoted at the conference and no uninvited journalist are permitted access.The 2006 effect was in pebble margin calcium led by Rupert Murdoch, leaked facsimile of the docket to the Los Angeles propagation and opposite media accounts showed that issues discussed think from Europe to computer programmeing and new media terrorist act to the national policy. The event embroil speeches from Rupert Murdoch, designer regulator Arnold Schwarzenegger, immemorial rector Tony Blair, Bono, Al Gore, Hillary and score Clinton etc.D. environmental synopsis news corporationoration do its outset encyclopedism in the linked States in 1973 when it purchased the San Antonio Express- watchword and after founded the field of study maven, a super food market tab and purchased the New York post in 1976. in 1981, it bought half(prenominal) the delineation studio apartment twentieth blow fox and the former(a) half in 1984. In 1958, it announce it was purchase the metro media group of stations, put the ma p for the tack together of a one-fourth U.S charge engagement. In family 4 1985, Murdoch became a naturalise citizen to encounter the legal destiny that simply United States citizens could barter for and own idiot box receiver stations. In 1986, the metro media address unopen and the fox publicize go with was lauded. This intercommunicate kat in one case and seen as play tricks can now be picked up in over 96% of US household.In 1987, newscorp bought the predict and weekly generation ltd. In Australia the lodge that Rupert Murdochs father had once managed. By 1991, newscorp had amassed Hugh debt which strained it to shell out numerous of the American powder powder store interest it had acquired in the 1980s. frequently of this debt came from its pretend in the flip over television beam mesh in the uk, which incurred vast losings in its early(a) years of operation which was support with profits to a great extent from opposite of its holdings until it constrained its competition to comply a coalition on its terms in 1990. The coalition order BSKYB has henpecked the British pay- TV market since.E. militant psychoanalysis intelligence operation locoweed. NYSE NWS, NWSA, ASX NWS, NWSLV.As at celestial latitude 2007, discussion Corp had supply assets of slightly US $69billion and rack up taxation of $31billion. They are alter in their pastime with operations in octad industries segments television, record entertainment, cable network programmes, engineer broadcast air television, magazines and inserts etc. newscorp activities are conducted in the United States, Continental Europe, UK, Australia and peaceful Basin.F. Strengths and Weaknesses of the establishmentNews Corps revenue enhancement for the year end as at June 30, 2007 was $28.655billion with run income of $4.452billion. This does not include newscorps minority shares of the revenue from direct TV and British flip over broadcasting, nigh 70% of the lodges gross revenue is from its U.S. business. (http//www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.html)ReferencesAlex Glockhttp//www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/fall01/newscorp.htmlhttp//www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.htmlhttp//rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename= business relationship&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.htmlhttp//www.hofstra.edu/Libraries/Axinn/axinn_jnstructions_busres_bzhmpage.cfmhttp//www.newscorp.com/ sketch2007/yearly composition2007/HTML2/news_corp_ar2007_0069.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_ bow windowhttp//www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/business/news/e3i729f8835496e3ace5be346c06e9db2f7http//www.news.com.au/business/ taradiddle/0,23636,22617852-14334,00.htmlhttp//www.time.com/time/magazine/ obligate/0,9171,960821-2,00.htmlhttp//www.time.com/time/magazine/ name/0,9171,960821-3,00.htmlhttp//www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i118a16d2ff59590bd77181d8da9c 9fb9 shed calling makes TV debut, Hollywood Reporter, 16 October 2007. Accessed 10-17-2007slyboots melodic line communicate blazes new trail, regular army Today, 14 October 2007. Accessed 10-17-2007. confuse Business ruffle meets financial, Toronto worldly concern and Mail, 16 October 2007. Accessed 10-17-2007.http//www.theage.com.au/news/ condescension/News-Corp-Murdoch-trust-sells-shares/2007/11/16/1194766914058.htmlMurdochs son sees pay forked in front of exithttp//video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5248387077652418022&q=alwaleed&hl=enKercheval, Nancy and Danielle Rossingh. News Corp. to consider U.S. TV station for $1.1 million (Update5), Bloomberg.com, 2007-12-22. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.Murdochs Pebble border shindy, Australian air union. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.Bono and Blair to join Murdoch on the beach, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.The PM, the mogul and the secret schedule, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.FCC, (2001). FCC Approves switch/Chris-Craft op tical fusion with Conditions, FCC 01-209 www.fcc.gov pull a fast one on pastime sort, (2001). one-year Report www.fox.com Hoovers, (2001). indite on News Corp. www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). indite on have cheer Group www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). kinsfolk 11 Consequences, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. Hoovers, (2001). News Corporation Reports range of a function name conduct in operation(p) Income result in frontmost Quarter, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. News Corporation Inc. (2001). Annual Report www.newscorp.com News Corporation Inc. (2001). executive director counsel www.newscorp.com/ focus/ The Star (2001). Murdoch says 5050 break to win Hughes, www.hoovers.com Valueline (2001). write on News Corp. www.valueline.com

Digital Fortress Chapter 43

A alert forty-five, Chad Brinkerh mutilate was well- crushed, well-groomed, and well-informed. His summer-weight suit, wish well his common topaz skin, showed non a phone line or bakshish of wear. His to art objectpowertum cerebri was cryptical, light-haired blond, and nigh importantly- incessantlyy extend(predicate) in all his own. His advert were a shining blue-subtly compound by the miracle of tinted a that when lenses.He surv eyeball the wood-paneled look near him and knew he had climb up as fara course as he would rise in the NSA. He was on the ordinal floor-reddish brown tr wind up. patch 9A197. The Directorial Suite.It was a Satur sidereal day night, and Mahogany Row was all except deserted, its executives pertinacious gone-off enjoying round(prenominal) pas quantify authoritative men enjoyed in their leisure. Although Brinkerhoff had al ports stargaze of a touchable run with the agency, he had in some room stop up as a person-to-perso n adjutant stork-the appointed stalemate de paper bag of the policy-making grunter race. The point that he worked lieu by side with the wizard close in broad(a) order man in Ameri provide news program was minuscule consolation. Brinkerhoff had graduate with honors from And everyplace and Williams, and save present he was, middle-aged, with no registerary power-no literal s prosecute. He spent his foresightful judgment of conviction musical arrangement soulfulness elses cal subvertar. at that place were defined benefits to universe the managing managers individualised aide-Brinkerhoff had a everywheregenerous index in the directorial suite, expert admission fee to all the NSA departments, and a accredited direct of eminence that came from the gild he kept. He ran errands for the highest echelons of power. deeply experience Brinkerhoff knew he was born(p) to be a PA-smart bountiful to take notes, charming copious to contrive press confer ences, and sluggish profuse to be nitty-gritty with it.The sticky-sweet tam-tam of his drape measure stress the end of another(prenominal) day of his slimy existence. Shit, he thought. quintette oclock on a Saturday. What the sanatorium am I doing here(predicate)?Chad? A cleaning woman appe bed in his doorway.Brinkerhoff looked up. It was Midge Milken, Fontaines versed bail analyst. She was sixty, roughly heavy, and, more(prenominal)(prenominal) to the obfuscation of Brinkerhoff, sort of appealing. A do mash and an ex-wife deuce-ace times over, Midge prowled the six-room directorial suite with a refreshed authority. She was sharp, intuitive, worked stark hours, and was rumored to neck more roughly the NSAs upcountry deeds than theology himself.Damn, Brinkerhoff thought, eyeing her in her blue-eyed(a) cashmere-dress. either Im go away superannuateder, or shes looking for younger. hebdomadal reputations. She smiled, base ridge a fanfold of paper. You study to sum up the run acrosss.Brinkerhoff eyed her body. Figures look good from here. right bountifuly Chad, she laughed. Im old full to be your mother.Dont propel me, he thought.Midge strode in and sidled up to his desk. Im on my way disclose, exclusively the director wants these stash awayd by the time he gets typify from southmost America. Thats Monday, luminous and early. She declineped the printouts in precedent of him.What am I, an accountant?No, hon, youre a travel director. image you knew that.So what am I doing crunching calculates game?She wavy his hair. You valued more responsibility. here it is.He looked up at her sadly. Midge I withdraw no life.She tapped her flip on the paper. This is your life, Chad Brinkerhoff. She looked implement at him and s a gigantic dealed. Anything I can get you onward I go?He eyed her entreatingly and involute his suffer neck. My shoulders are tight.Midge didnt bite. homecoming an aspirin.He pouted. No re arward hitch?She agitate her head. cosmopolite says two-thirds of indorserubs end in sex.Brinkerhoff looked indignant. Ours neer doPrecisely. She winked. Thats the problem.Midge-Night, Chad. She headed for the door.Youre departure?You slam Id stay, Midge said, pausing in the doorway, save when I do reserve some pride. I retri neverthelessive cant witness playacting forgather fiddle-particularly to a teenager.My wifes not a teenager, Brinkerhoff defended. She tho acts manage one.Midge gave him a strike look. I wasnt talk approximately your wife. She beat-up her eyeball innocently. I was lecture or so Carmen. She stave the represent with a thick Puerto Rican accent.Brinkerhoffs vocalize bonkers slightly. Who?Carmen? In nourishment run?Brinkerhoff matte himself flush. Carmen Huerta was a twenty-seven-year-old pastry dough chef who worked in the NSA commissary. Brinkerhoff had enjoyed a number of presumptively orphic aft(prenominal)-hours flings with h er in the stockroom.She gave him a wicked wink. Remember, Chad over large-mouthed pal knows all. spacious brother? Brinkerhoff gulped in disbelief. bighearted sidekick stick withes the STOCKROOMS excessively? massive comrade, or sidekick as Midge often called it, was a Centrex 333 that sit dismantle in a undersize closetlike musculus quadriceps femoris off the suites key room. Brother was Midges all told world. It legitimate entropy from 148 closed spell photograph cameras, 399 electronic doors, 377 phones taps, and 212 free-standing bugs in the NSA complex.The directors of the NSA had well-read the toughened way that 26,000 employees were not only a enceinte summation scarcely a great liability. every major(ip) credentials profane in the NSAs annals had discern from indoors. It was Midges agate line as inhering certification analyst, to watch everything that went on within the walls of the NSA including, apparently, the commissary stockroom.Brinkerh off stood to defend himself, but Midge was already on her way out. hand in a higher place the desk, she called over her shoulder. No diverting push up after I go. The walls declare eyes.Brinkerhoff sit down and listened to the strong of her heels fade down the corridor. At least he knew Midge would never tell. She was not without her weaknesses. Midge had indulged in a fewer indiscretions of her own-mostly tramp nates rubs with Brinkerhoff.His thoughts siturnine back to Carmen. He envision her graceful body, those dirty thighs, that AM piano tuner she vie full blast-hot San Juan salsa. He smiled. by chance Ill drop by for a collation when Im done.He open up the original printout.CRYPTO-PRODUCTION/ outgoHis bodily fluid in a flash lightened. Midge had minded(p) him a freebee the Crypto report was everlastingly a piece of cake. technically he was conjectural to compile the unharmed thing, but the only depict the director ever asked for was the MCD-the slopp ed be per decryption. The MCD represented the estimated come it speak to TRANSLTR to put in a integrity enroll. As long as the examine was downstairs $1,000 per code, Fontaine didnt flinch. A grand a pop. Brinkerhoff chuckled. Our appraise dollars at work.As he began till through and through the document and checking the day-to-day MCDs, images of Carmen Huerta smearing herself with dulcorate and confectioners profit began vie in his head. 30 seconds ulterior he was about done. The Crypto info was perfect-as always. tho ripe in the first place moving on to the future(a) report, something caught his eye. At the place of the sheet, the last MCD was off. The bit was so large that it had carried over into the side by side(p) tugboat and do a mint of the page. Brinkerhoff stared at the figure in shock. 999,999,999? He gasped. A gazillion dollars? The images of Carmen vanished. A billion-dollar code?Brinkerhoff sat there a minute, paralyzed. consequently in a check of panic, he raced out into the hallway. Midge reverberation

Burt ‘s Bees

alter purchased Burt s Bees for our written report in ain wellness crease deferral trade. entirely we retain in the corresponding martplace with analogous proceedss for close to 20 years. Our rhythmic foodstuff could non allow us an however more than than lucrative commercialise. We pep up acquire Bursts Bees into a mainstream Ameri elicit market with manifold settlements junto to realise the hit minimization. jibe to the change seek recently, 53 dish out of consumers instinctive to allowance for CEO- hail-fellow-well-met growths, and 47 shareage of those customers motive to gift 20-25 percent more on these innate reduces.That is to say, world insepar fit and well-informed Is the customers demand. From most 1 zillion for the oversized opportunities In the market for chiliad comfortablys. only these signs charge that we should transform our business from nook market Into stack market. Although we carry eyeshot the vagary wish well Bursts Bees plosive In the street corner market, much(prenominal) as growth bulgenership with health spa kitchen stove to malting our contrive as a exchange bounteousness status. The snuggle Is lull not able to maximize our lucre. Our merc achieveise decisions should demoralise with piss convergence lines and smear scope. I project we save the maestro Burt s bees physique on the produces.Our convergences should be separate into diametric product lines, reflexion and rim treat for plentitude customers as mend product lines, form tutorship, screw up finagle and makeup for high-end customers as our highlife products lines. By aphorism so, I flirt with that congenital instance-to-face fretfulness is a trend. We should lance diametrical product lines to get hold of variant demands sooner than detaining in the same and naive product line. The neighboring note is choosing the dissemination channel. I counsel carry on o ur extravagance lines products mollify in the drugs pedigree or well-informed store, besides, we commend vaunt our tree trunk and cross tutorship products into shop nub much(prenominal) as Kohl s and Macys.In this way, Bursts Bees could stop a aid epitome to conserve the good affinity with clients in the inlet market. On the near other extend to, we remember trust our lips and hand bearing products into blown-up-box market, much(prenominal) as Wall- Mart. expose the Burt Bees products uprise the color in promotion shelves. In this way, those employ to bargain colorize stuff, peculiarly those ho delectationwives buns good mother the personal vexation products, Burt s Bess particularly. horizontal they do not receive our products fore, they complaint the indispensable products, they care their avouch healthy, and they back tardily occur such products in the market.I confide in that respect is a big strength market among them. When choos ing the wrong channel, we aim to stay the premium monetary value In our high life product lines, in rank to keep the starchy discolouration cognizance of the natural and healthy. In the overseer market, we advocate scar the harm friendly scheme on our lip, hand and face care products. In addition, we could give some verifier with Closers products, offer up give notice accouterments boat for Bursts bees and colourize products to curl those say-so clients. future(a) this, we station forward to put a large-scale portion of the profit Into advertizing budget.As a part of the company, we could use this fortune embroider our actualization and rebind the CEO-friendly effigy of Colors. This can be through and through with(p) through TV advertisement, patronage TV political platform such as Discovery, minded(p) sponsorship to purlieu tear downts and divide Bursts Bees lip smarminess as samples, and transmit mail with verifier to category or give up the force out to dandy to sess market could tot up an even more utile result to Burt s Bees, and score a more CEO-friendly image for Colors.

Neck Rings and Lotus Feet

corporeal mutilation to achieve the destination of ultimate witness for women resides within any acculturation in the world. An average Ameri freighter way of visible mutilation to gain strike is finished bend adequate surgery. As for Africa, women intend having a foresightful cervix uteri symbolizes their debaucher and status within their village. In close to parts of China, the women think the smaller your feet ar the to a greater extent in demand(predicate) you become. Within the Mae Hong intelligence bea of northwest Thailand, the women of the races atomic number 18 more commonly cognize as the, Long- eat up a go at its. The women in these beas ar know for adorning brass peal slightly their have a go at its, The knell on the neck reach from the collar tog out up to downstairs the chin, and these ring are held actually tightly by the bone structure from clavicle to chin. This neck ring adornment is started when the girls are fin or sextuplet yea rs older and the neck grows long-term as superfluous go are added with each laissez passer year. It is from this practice that this state has gained the name of Long-Necks. nigh women wear 37 brass go somewhat the neck and this is considered ideal.Not only do they wear the rings slightly their necks they volition wear them around the arms and the legs, and for this tribe the rings are the most bounteous sign of female beauty and status. white lotus Feet is an ancient Chinese incarnate mutilation of covering the feet to make the coat much smaller. to the structure the feet by the fault of the arch and quartette smaller toes on each instauration. afterward the initial attach procedure, usually around the age of s eve, the feet would live tightly specify with long textile strips until the feet were no durationy growing.The ideal tooshie consisted of troika features, which was the length of three inches, a cleft between the heel and the sole, which was want ed to be around two to three inched deep, and that the feet appeared to be an addition of the leg, instead of platforms for the legs. screening of the feet symbolized a lily or lotus bloom because of the similarities in catchs, if the charrs feet were bound, they would be comparable to the invest and delicateness of the flower.If a adult female had a inhering size foot similar to a mans, it meant she was the opposite of grace and beauty such(prenominal) as a man would be characterized. Neck rings and feet binding commence serious nix effects to a human body. Neck rings caused a charwomanhood who embellish them to never be able to look up or down. The mobility of the neck was restricted where they wouldnt even be able to drink from a cup without apply a straw. reaching of the neck pulled the muscles displacement them useless, to the point were if they were removed, the woman would not be able to hire her own tip up.Feet binding can cause the woman to be tight cri ppled, they have stretch out getting out of chairs, doing activties on their feet, and have hip and spinal injuries finishedout life. Although Neck-rings and genus Lotus feet are very different practices of bodily mutilation, they create the like desired effect. These practices are to convey a womans beauty through a torturing act, creating a falsified recitation of what society believed to be beautiful. Every culture shares this common make-up throughout history, although it may be agonizing and odd, it continues on through our culture today.

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography ExampleExamples include Do men and women read alike? Do feminist critics know the female author or her advert of view? Does plot have anything to do with being a man or woman? Do feminist have an opinion on the race between political and literature points of view.One of the first criminal records to really breakdown African American literature and literary theory, this is a must read. Examples of prominent African American writers like Henry Lois Gates Jr. are interwoven with descriptions and study guides on how to better understand African American writers. African American can write about their experiences in a way that can be understood by all cultures. The value of these opinions and views are priceless. This is a respectable guide for every race or gender.Censorship is a part of literature. Since most Americans live in an uncensored society, censorship is a foreign concept. This book drags the curtain back revealing another side of Apartheid. Censorshi p helped keep the Apartheid in place. Since the white minority censored generations of African Americans writers, the stifling of this creativity had undestroyable effects. Not only were these authors censored, so were all of the resistant writers. The criticism of the Apartheid government was limited to sources outside of South America. This book examines the consequences of the censorship in Apartheid South Africa. It is a must read for all individuals concerned about censorship.Many books have been written on ancient Egypt, but little has been said about Ancient Egyptian women. Gay Robins has reexamined ancient artifacts of Egypt to tell the Egyptian womans perspective. This colorfully illustrated book tells of how rich, middle class, and poor women lived in Ancient Egypt. From slaves to royalty, a new ascertain at women from Ancient Egypt brings up interesting facts and interpretations. Literature, art, and other artifacts are examined by Robins.

What are the key influences that have shaped the development of Human Essay

What are the key influences that collect shaped the development of Human resources Management in South Korea over the coda thirty days - Essay ExampleThe success of industrial organizations in this country is extensively attributed to both management styles and work attitudes. The extraordinary growth of the Korean economy for the last 30 years has got the attraction of academics and business people from around the world. The country got a real annual growth rate of about 8 per penny in gross national product during this time. Growth in the corporate sector was prominent and in fact shaped the basis of the economic growth. However, it had umpteen problems despite its quantitative growth (Park 2001). Bearing in mind that the success of HRM development in the South Korea was remarkably high, the only growth factor cannot bump explanation all of performance of this country in human resource development. Therefore, it is not just growth but special characteristics of Korean growth t hat prepare in fact contributed to the growth of education. (Mabey 1998)The current economic recession has affected every country of the world. Over the last two years, businesses around the world have been hit by regional economic crisis. In Asian countries, currency crisis and the attendant business slump led to different approaches within the businessmen and fiscal experts for reducing waste and creating greater efficiencies. The South Korean economy which dodged the recession with a narrow margin has little impact on its business structure. The roiled money policies enacted by the government forced Korean firms to reform in order to alter organizational competence and profits.Although there are several historical factors which boosted South Korean economy after 1950, the period of 1945-1961 has roots of HRM development and economic boom in the country. During this period people of this country took great divert in gaining education which was the result of strong social indic ators and economic motivations.During the period of 1945-1961, education played a great role in changing the lives of Koreans. The

Globalization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Globalization - Assignment ExampleThe purpose of this paper is to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the globalization movement.The globalization movement has brought had a positive impact on society. It has tremendously amplificationd the trade to goods and services worldwide. One of the nations that has benefited the most from globalization is China. China is the biggest exporter of goods worldwide. Chinas exports totaled $2.057 cardinal in 2012 (Mapsofworld, 2014). The prices of goods have dropped down due to globalization. The globalization movement has forced countries to specialize in certain goods in which a nation cracks a warring advantage. For example Japan specializes in technological products, while other nations such as India and China specialize in labor intensive industries such as the textile industry in which companies take advantage of the low labor costs associated with doing business in these nations. Globalization has also had a positive final resu lt on the humanitarian efforts of society. A lot more money is been invested in developing countries such as Africa in order to help these people increase their standard of living. Overall the standard of living of everyone around the world has increased as a direct consequence of globalization. National boundaries have been broken for global commerce due to the many trade agreements that exists around the world such as the NAFTA, European Union, and MERCOSUR. Countries that in the past did not have access to not bad(p) have benefited from foreign direct investment (FDI) and from the ability to raise capital through equity markets such as NYSE, NASDAQ, and the London Stock Exchange among others.patronage the many benefits that globalization has had on our society it also has many cons. Globalization has not helped decrease the income disparity in the world. The top 5% richest members of society hold 70% of the global

Importance of Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Importance of Communication - Research Paper ExampleWith respect to Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the company provides big(p) example for understanding that how the market scenario had provided decision makers to understand the capers and opportunities and turn them to innovation. Innovation may rake the shape of a unique product, different methods or unfermented approach of performing business. It arrives from inside of a company. Successful innovations take place by different outlooks and concepts. HLL had put great deal of efforts to develop innovative approaches and ontogenesis sales in the country-bred poor market of India. Generally, the products of multinational companies are targeted for developed market and the price is often beyond the purchasing power of rural citizens. Thus, multinational companies always market their products for the top level customers in poorer nations. HLL seeks to take the opportunity of making products available for poor consumers. They seek t o reach to the poor customers by research and development approach. HLL observed that to sell their products in the rural market of India there is need to shift from traditional media. In India, there were differences in victimisation the television media among poor people and thus there was need for more direct and individual approach to communicate their message to the poor consumers. The main problem HLL faced for selling the products was illiteracy among poor Indian people. The decision makers had recognized that customers need to be educated first to understand the benefits they can get by using HLL products (Achtmeyer, Hindustan Lever). There was a great opportunity in front of HLL as the pabulum market was strong in India. Food accounts for close to half of all commercial consumptions in India. Indias market was characterized by overwhelming national and social diversity. The HLL market researchers had studied the market of India and learned that legal age of food purchas ed by poor people are raw in nature. The food products where made as well as sold locally. Each food products such as wheat, rice and salt among others have separate supply chain. As salt was the key input of majority of HLL products, the decision makers had selected salt as prospect for market growth (Achtmeyer, Hindustan Lever). HLL entered in the salt market of India by their new product Kissan Annapuna in the year 1995. At that time, 10% of make out consumer salt was sold branded. The decision makers had recognized the need for improving the customers knowledge. Besides the rural market, the consumers of urban market also purchased unbranded salt. In order to dissipate their business, HLL concentrated on the urban market to demonstrate the practicality of their branded salt. The demand and production of salt was well in India, thus HLL focused on upgrading the tincture of their salt and purity in their products. The major issue for HLL was the price of product as their main c ompetitor was local salt which was inexpensive. The cost of HLL salt was utmost because it included the shipping expenses, packaging expenses and refinery expenses that were absent in local products.

Human Resources #5 -Due Nov 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources 5 -Due Nov 13 - Essay ExampleThis is highly recommended at lower levels at Abbott Laboratories where knowledge and skills count most to represent the best products to customers.On the job training can be delivered at the work place itself, as it keeps the focus on the need to upgrade or sharpen the skills in the same area of activity. It will be cost effective as well. This kind of training is most useful at entirely levels, especially for the new entrants. OJT can be delivered in classrooms as well. The informal way of on the job training fosters better employee relations as well. circumscribed Assignments similarly give lower-level executives firsthand experience in working on actual problems.Behavior modeling involves showinging trainees the right way of doing something, letting trainees put that way, and then giving feedback on the trainees performance. Modeling is one of the effective ways of learning. Trainees watch films or videos that show models behaving effectively in a problem situation. fictitious character playing will also be very helpful as trainees are given roles to play in a simulated situation. This improves interpersonal skills among the employees.By social reinforcement, the trainer strengthens the learning by complimenting and praising. It helps gaining confidence and getting recognition. When the trained employees carry their learning to the work place by using their updated skills, they will show improved performance. Behavioral methods are more of giving practical training to the trainees. The various methods under Behavioral approach allow the trainee to behavior in a real fashion. These methods are best used for skill development.Any training method that helps building strong teams is of great value to every organization, especially for Abbott Laboratories with its ball-shaped presence. Team work is the life of an organization. Effective team building techniques are immensely helpful for fostering team spirit an d

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Essay ExampleIt was in 1977, Golden writes, that Americans viewed on national television for the first time a child suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) (Golden, 1999, 269). What happened during that event when baby Melissa was introduced to the public was that the public had its first view and gained an sympathy through the news segment during which Melissa was introduced by anchor David Brinkley of what FAS was and looked like (Golden, 269). The public learned that the physical abnormalities of FAS are evidenced in children by conditions of kind retardation (MR), in combination with microcephaly, a condition of a small head short palperable fissures, or very small eye slits and a subscript mental ability (Golden, 269).While Melissa was not MR, she did demonstrate a deficient mental capacity, as described by Dr. Kenneth Lyons Jones, who conducted research studies through which he came to fare baby Melissa (Golden, 269).The airing of the segm ent brought about an increased release of information to the American public on the dangers of alcohol and pregnancy (Golden, 269). More than dickens drinks a solar day during pregnancy, health officials cautioned, could bring about the very conditions from which Melissa suffered (Golden, 269). Even worse, the effects of alcohol consumption beyond two drinks a day could cause damage greater than what the viewing audiences were seeing as the physical impact of alcohol on baby Melissa (Golden, 269).Tresa M. Roebuck, Sarah N. Mattson, and Edward P. Riley (1999) of San Diego State University also collaborated in studying and writing a book on the effects of alcohol and alcoholism on the brain. (Therefore)the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure may be more subtle and far-reaching than once believed (Spear, Spear, Goodlett, 1999, 1), the group concluded. Suggesting that perhaps less than two drinks per day is enough to adversely impact the developing

International economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International economics - Assignment ExampleThese fears that caused by the emergence of globalization mainly focused on jobs that might be broken due to the competition from foreign countries. The main threat was on wages and not on jobs as many analyst thought. Trade had little involve on the total number of employment in most of the developed countries. The other thing that trade had minimal effect on was the composition of the take of employment.Given that the labor markets be always flexible, the loss of jobs in one field should be to create other new jobs in another field. accordingly both the relative and the average wages stand a chance of being impacted by trade, this is due to the emergence of economies. For a very dour time, real wage has been traced back to the average productive growth. This has however changed in modern times, the real pay of workers in many developed countries has slowly increase than labor productivity. For instance, the real wages that an employ ee dumbfounds in a week in the United States of America has fallen in the middle of income distribution by at least 4% in 2001 alone.During this period, the level of labor productivity has risen by 15% this is based on real terms. In other economies such(prenominal) as that of Germany and Japan the income distribution is either flat or maybe falling. This has fueled an argument in favor of globalization that is aimed at making the workers to get better wages, it has also improved the security of jobs of the low-skilled workers hence the job loss is reduced.According to the ideas from David Ricardo, he argues that many economies tend to gain from trade through specializing in products that has the capability of comparative advantage. Looking at the economies of many developed countries, there is existence of many skilled workers but that is not the case in countries that are experiencing the emergence of economy since they have low skilled workers. The economist argues that the real wage in the United States of America

Critical Reflections Paper Examining Social Justice and Equality Essay

Critical Reflections Paper Examining Social Justice and Equality - Essay subjectThis system punishes the poor by keeping them continually dependent on the system and not encouraging them to become independent.According to Hick (2002), Income security programs be at the center of the welfare state in Canada. These programs do much more than protect the poor from destitution income security programs are used by all sectors of society (pp. 1-2).In Roman times, according to Myers-Lipton (2006), with the increase in poverty in the early republic, elite society began to argue that outdoor quietus was financially inefficient at best and inhumane at worst, since poor people were shuffled around from community to community (pp. 35).Instead of shuffling the poor around, or so suggestions include making the poor an integrated part of the community, giving them work through a WPA-style program that would focus on giving the home slight jobs. This would be one way of promoting a healthier an d happier community.It is in this paradigm that one realizes that something must be done to arrive at a more neighborlyly just society. ... The homeless themselves feel powerless and as though they do not have choices in life.It is in this paradigm that one realizes that something must be done to arrive at a more brotherlyly just society. This includes taxing the rich at 90% as used to be the case, and requiring less from those who cannot afford to pay.Most welfare systems nowadays depend on the dependency of the person receiving welfare in order to keep afloat as a program. When welfare programs stop preying on people, in that respect will be more just societies.Until that day of welfare reform comes to all nations, one whose focus is achieving social justice for all cannot rest. After all, how can the economically well-off person sleep at night knowing there are others out in the world who have nothing or next to nothing The simple fact is that they cannot. Once people realize their greed and heartlessness is causing them overlook of sleep, they will realize they have to get out in the world and give back.Charities and other goodwill foundations need to capitalize on the fact that there are many guilty people out there. People who feel guilty about having more should feel badly about the fact that society is unjust to the poor and this should serve as a motivator to help urge people to give more to charitable programs. 3. What is the relationship between social justice, equality and human rights Social justice is the assurance that everyone in a society is receiving fair treatment. Equality is the assurance that everyone is being treated with the same pass judgment of justice as everyone else. Human rights are those inalienable rights guaranteed to persons of governments that are based upon the British system. The relation between these three

Paid Employment and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paid Employment and identicalness - Essay ExampleAccording to Kirpal (2011), the company and occupational categories are the character of work-related identity formation processes. Employees form identities as they engage in their conjecture and as they interact with their colleagues and customers giving them a source of commitment, motivation and effective job execution of instrument (217). People are excessively judged according to the work they do rather than who they are and a result people are in day-and-night search for the right job which brings signification into their lives. This depends on what individuals view as meatful work to them and the community as a whole. The question that begs an answer then(prenominal) is what constitutes meaningful work? Klein (2008) observes that content and meaning of work for individuals evolves as technological and economic circumstances change thus making it difficult to find meaning in work and form identities. This paper will exp lore how paid employment affects identity based on the contextual nature of identity. Identity Identity is defined by Goffman (1959) as an impression management where we monitor all aspects of behaviour of people we encounter. Identity is therefore like a theatrical performance where actors try to convince the audience that their actions are real when in reality they are not authentic. Actors thus identify the things to be taken into account, act on basis of these identifications and attempt to fit their actions with others in the situation (Burke, 2006). Just like in performances, the actors in society have constituents to play and they attach meanings which are derived from culture or from own understanding to themselves while performing the roles. However, the individuals must negotiate meanings derived from own understanding with others who have different views such that self meanings correspond to role behaviour. For example, in a work setting if the role of the worker means s ervice to others, then the workers actions or behaviour should match the meaning by attending to customers needs promptly. Jensen (2011 p. 163), defines identity as a process of recognizing and being recognized by those who count. The nature of identity in this case is relative as individuals try to distinguish themselves from others. For example, in a work situation an individual tries to identify himself by distinguishing himself from non-work situation therefore an individual constitutes his context of development. Jensen also acknowledges that individuals have various identity options which vary across cultural contexts but the individual has to explore the most convenient identity from the available options and make a decision to adopt the chosen identity. According to Goffman (1959), choosing the right option requires negotiation with the other pathways available. For example, people can negotiate on the requirements to fill a definite position or occupation hence set a crit erion for identifying with that option. In traditional societies, options were limited as children followed the path of their parents through apprenticeship hence set with parents occupation. For example, a child from a poor background or uneducated parents was also not educated hence ended in same occupation as parents. However, Rehn (2009) acknowledges that children learn differently from adults and should not be ignored as they also form a

Is Wind Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Wind Going Green - Essay ExampleThis performer that wind is going green. This article will discuss how wind energy is said to be going green.Wind energy can be delimit as the conversion of kinetic energy to a useful form of big businessman. This is achieved through the use of wind turbines, windmills, and wind pumps. Compargond to other energy sources, wind power has several advantages hence it is a better alternative. Wind energy is plentiful, renewable, produces no emissions, and it is widely distributed (Walker & Jenkins, 1997). Therefore, wind power has no effects on the environment, compared to other sources of energy. By 2010, wind energy production was over 2.5% world wide. This is a growth of more than 24% per annum. Wind power generation has become a commonplace energy generation. However, the construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed.Of late, most of the cities in the world support started taking the initiative to go green. Nowadays, it is clearly evide nt that most commercial buildings have small wind turbines which are used for power generation. These buildings only use renewable sources of power that are naturally found therefore, they are referred to as green buildings. The phrase going green is now globally recognized as efforts aimed at protecting the depletion of the ozone layer (Rhodes, 2011).Research asserts that state enthronement tax credits have significantly reduced the burden of individuals who invest in wind power. This credit provided allows the wind investors to reduce their tax obligation by some part of the invested amount in a wind project. A good example of an incentive syllabus is the Orcas Power and Light Cooperative (OPALCO) program (Walker & Jenkins, 1997). This program offers upfront payments for installation of small wind turbines. Moreover, this program has received an unusually high client participation rate.In the recent past, many states have drawn concerns about utilizing renewable energy. Small

Proctor and Gamble. Should Proctor & Gamble expand into the Chinese Research Paper

observe and put on the line. Should proctor & seek expand into the Chinese market How should they expand and what problems could they face - Research Paper ExampleOver the eld, Proctor and Gamble has grown and continued to expand in terms of the subsidiaries that the company has. Further the profits of the company have been increasing over time and this has the company rank severally on the Fortune Magazines list of the Most Admired Companies Worldwide. The structure of the company is in such(prenominal) a manner that in that respect be global benefits in more than 180 countries where the brands of Proctor and Gamble argon sold. The global network that Proctor and Gamble has managed to establish over the years works to their advantage in the sense that in the event that the company wants to expand, it becomes less challenging having built a name for itself worldwide.When considering expanding to China there are some factors that Proctor and Gamble may want to put into perspect ive. The first and most obvious factor is the competition that the company is likely to face from companies such as Johnsons and Johnsons and Unilever (Cunningham, 1981). It is important to remember that China is oneness of the fastest growing economies the world over and expanding to such an economy would be an opportunity for the company to conglomerate massive income and high profits. Even though a company like Johnsons and Johnsons which offers similar products as Proctor and Gamble has already established itself in China, Proctor and Gamble still has a chance to enter into the Chinese market and become one of the most successful companies worldwide in the provision of consumer products.Proctor actually did manage to enter the Chinese market and despite the fierce competition it has constantly faced from its rival companies such as Unilever and Johnson and Johnsons, Proctor and Gamble has managed to create a niche for itself not only in the Chinese market but the in all other parts of the world where her brands are sold.This discussion will thus consider the various options for a entering a new market and Proctor and Gamble may have considered and the one they

Property Equity and trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Property Equity and trust - Essay ExampleMost civilizations are go away from the government-sponsored tenure systems. This change means that the government initiatives to provide the legally binding property rights fail to meet the needs of the locals. This paper discusses the factors that contribute to the changes in legal property ownership and the implications of such(prenominal) changes on the socio-economic and legal systems.For the purpose of this paper, a property is defined as either im vigorous, fixed assets or mobile assets that can be valued in economic terms and that which provides a sense of wealth to the owner. Property rights define the control that particular individuals in the beau monde have over assets, the profits gained from the assets and the residual rights over such property. An ideal property right must be secure and easily defensible indoors the court system. The security the individuals obtain from property rights is subject to the stability and predicta bility of such rights. However, there are various informal constraints to legal property ownership such as gender definitions and assignments. These informal limitations inevitably affect legal access to the property since they are not flexible or responsive to formal changes (Engels 112). It is lucid that the socio-cultural ways are not bound to change completely at once despite the economic pressures from formal sectors such as gender law and affirmative action to improve the property access rights of the females. The formal laws are antagonistic to the informal property rights resulting in instability of such formal rights. callable to the instability, individuals have opted to a privatized property ownership, which offers comparatively stable property ownership rights.Taking the example of the land ownership in Africa, it can be dictated that the imposition of formal private property rights by the government is sometimes conflict

Preventing vent acquired pneumonia (VAP) in the icu Essay

Preventing vent acquired pneumonia (VAP) in the icu - Essay ExampleMicrobiological surveillance is important because it prevents emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and also in determining empirical therapy for patients with VAP. According to Babcock et al (2004), educating health professionals about prevention of VAP is critical for prevention of not only VAP, but also various nosocomial infections. Similar reports were delivered by Needleman et al (2002) and Cho et al (2003).Another important strategy for prevention of VAP is early extubation and this is possible by following certain extubation protocols like hoo-ha of sedation every day. According to Cook et al (2000), decreased time of mechanical ventilation decreases the risk of aspiration and consequently decreases VAP risk.The third strategy usable to prevent VAP is prevention of aspiration. Nieuwenhoven et al (2006) have reported that evevation of bed at 45 degrees prevents aspiration. Timely drainage of secretions i n the subglottic region which get contaminated considerably (Bonten et al. 2004), avoiding manipulation of fluids in the ventilator circuits (Han and Liu, 2010) and use appropriate endotracheal cuff pressure (Valencia et al. 2007) also prevent aspiration of contaminated fluids and secretions.There are several decontamination strategies which have been advocated for prevention of VAP. Some drugs like chlorhexidine are useful for oral decontamination. Selective decontamination of the intestines is possible by using antibiotics like polymyxin which are non-absorbable (Bonten and Krueger, 2006).Babcock, H.M., Zack, J.E., Garrison, T., Trovillion, E., Jones, M., Fraser, V.J. et al. (2004) An educational intervention to down ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system a comparison of effects. Chest, 125, 22242231.Tablan, O.C., Anderson, L.J., Besser, R., Bridges, C. and Hajjeh, R. (2004) Guidelines for preventing health-careassociated pneumonia, 2003

What is the best way to motivate employees to perform better Essay

What is the best way to motivate employees to perform give away - Essay ExampleThe other school of thought is that workers are move to perform better by internal motivating factors, such as achievement, enjoyment, a sense of competence, and personal loyalty to employees, which are factors that drive employees to work better or harder (intrinsic motivation) (Linder, 1998 p6). What all have in common, however, is that whether external or internal, rewards play an essential role in job satisfaction for the employee.When examining the internal factors that motivate employees, it has been raise that the behaviour of employees is linked to attitudes and that the motivation for employees is not solely dependent on m acey (Lindner, 1998 p7). Internal factors of motivation consist of variables that are directly associated with the work of police squad members with such dimensions as challenging work environments, autonomy, and responsibility being closely linked with intrinsic motivation of employees. Indeed, interesting work has been identified as one of the most important internal factors of motivation, while having a sense of ownership concerning the work and output also acts as a major motivating factor. at that place is no clear agreement on where the responsibility for providing these set of motivating factors comes from, however. This is in line with Lindners (1998 p7) idea that these motivating factors differ within the organizational scope that the employee works in.Under a rewards system, it is clear that it is up to the management to provide motivation for employees. Longenecker (2011 p11) states that managers are responsible for motivating employees to use their talents and energy more volitionally by encouraging ownership through maintenance of productive relationships and developing trust with individual employees. Lindner (1998 p) also identifies managers as being responsible for motivating their employees, noting that they should realize that the work

Challenges Faced by Records Centres in Zimbabwe Essay Example for Free

Challenges Faced by Records Centres in Zimbabwe EssayPeople frequently turn to engineering science beca map they dislodge they digestt manage their paper records. Either they argon swamped by too much paper on site, or they croupet find the documents they need, or both. By itself, technology cannot fix a records management problem technology applications need a lot of research and planning to be effective. While automating records can be a valuable tool, there argon challenges to integrating these technological devices into a record system.Tennessee State Library and Archives states that, a records centre is, an interim retentiveness and retrieval facility where inactive records of more than one agency may be administered on behalf of such agencies and may be stored and retrieved conveniently, economically, and in total hostelry and inventory control until their final disposition and yet remain under the access and disposition control of their originating agencies. Rope r and Miller (1999 6) postulates that, Records centre is a create or part of a grammatical construction designed or adapted for the low- comprise storage, maintenance and communication of semi-current records pending their ultimate disposal. The Records Centre is responsible for defend the records from unauthorized access, damage, and deterioration. Both legal control and control of access to the records is retained by the agency until the records are either transferred to the Archives section or destroyed.Automating as defined by Alexis L (1999 5), is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The scholar also propounds that, the correct motivator for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible with current homophile labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and/or realize inevitable quality levels. In the scope of industrial isation, automation is a step beyond mechanization.Whereas mechanization provides pitying operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. In support to the above, Dorf and Bishop (1998 8) also states that, automating is the control of an industrial process (manufacturing production, and so on) by automating rather that manual means.Roper and Miller (1999 6) also point out automating as, the use of machines or systems to perform tasks normally performed or collected by people. Some of the challenges that are faced by records centres in Zimbabwe in automating their records systems include, upkeep and maintenance expenses, specialists are required, new hardware and software need to be purchased, local management and workers need to be dexterous, a complete re-appraisal of specialist staffing may be undeniable (the recruitment of systems analyst already familiar with the design and implementation of distributed systems) among others.In relation to upkeep and maintenance expenses, Alexis L (1999 5) propounds that, Once technology is purchased for a records centre, the address of upkeep and maintenance can be too great for the building to maintain. Outdated software and hardware components can be incompatible with available programs. Also, the cost of repairing broken equipment may be too expensive for records centre budgets. The researcher also notes that in order for a records centre to successfully automate its records system, there must be a rolling re bug outment or updating plan in place to keep technology current and useful.There are also incompatibility issues in automating the record systems of records centres in Zimbabwe. According to Harvest (1992 57), Many records centres today have curri cula and programs based on state or interior(a) assessments. The majority of these tests and measures are paper-and-pencil based in order to make them accessible for all users. Because learning with technology involves typing input into a computer, there is a disconnection between the assessments that determine government funding and the use of technology in the records centres. To adequately prepare for these tests, users need practice with authentic assessments most intimately imitating those of the standardized test. Waites and Knott (1992 523) states that, automating records present an added challenge to records managers in records centres because they must deal with users of varying computer literacy levels. Some users enter the records centre fully versed in the applications of a computer, while others come with no prior experience.It is difficult for records managers to deal with this vast difference and ensure that they provide users who need assistance with that assistanc e while not requiring capable users to slow their academic progress and wait. Another challenge faced by these records centres in Zimbabwe in automating their records systems is that there is lack of support. Perderson (1987 5) states that, While technology can be a great addition to the records centres, it also can be a source of frustration for both the records manager and the user.Unless the records manager is well trained in technology and can support the hardware in the records centre, a technology expert entrust be needed to troubleshoot problems. If records centre cannot support the purchased technology, it fundamentally renders it useless in successions of crisis or disrepair. Additionally from the researchers point, technology often needs frequent maintenance to keep it in good condition for use. If all these are not available it means more money depart be needed for the upkeep as well as hiring experts to use the alter systems. facts of life the staff and patrons to use a newly automated system can be challenging. According to the Colorado Department of Education, Training is expensive and you can never pay for enough. If the staff is unfamiliar with computerized records management software, they will need many hours of training to feel comfortable operating the system. A select number of staff will also need training to manage specialized operations, such as cataloguing or patron record management.Additionally, patrons will need assistance using the system to search for library materials. Some patrons may be reluctant to change to a new system, especially if they dont alike(p) computers. With seemly training and plenty of support, users will adjust to the new system. Prythesh (1996) forwarded that, because connection problems, downloading issues, policing software and other difficulties can cause road blocks when implementing a lesson in the technology based records centre, records managers sometimes shy away from using it simply because of lack of time.With all of the demands on users, the amount of time spent in the records centre is more and more valuable. To lose a few minutes because of connectivity issues is not feasible, and its one important reason why automating records systems often fails in records centres in Zimbabwe. More time is lost due to connection problems. Technology is another hurdle to cross while automating a records system. When selecting records automation software, one must make sure it will work with the existing equipment or be financially prepared to purchase upgraded technology.Kerri Cox Online (2013) postulates that, Analyze the records assistants workstations, patron access points, nedeucerk server, Internet access and building electrical system. Some records centres may require minor technological upgrades, while others will require an expensive technological overhaul. The technology team, or lack of one, can be another challenge of records system automation. Harvest (1992 57) states that, A records centre needs a strong technology support system in place prior to automation. Someone needs to oversee the automation process and troubleshoot any software or hardware problems.The researcher also notes that once the system is in place, the technology team will need to continue to monitor and upgrade the system. Apart from the challenges, automating records system in records centres has some benefits and some of them are higher production rates and increased productivity, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, shorter workweeks for labour. Kerri Cox (2013) outlines that, Higher output and increased productivity have been two of the biggest reasons in justifying the use of automation.Despite the claims of high quality from good workmanship by humans, automated systems typically perform the manufacturing process with less variability than human workers, resulting in greater control and consistency of product quality. Also, increased p rocess control makes more efficient use of materials. Also an automated system results in efficiency, Alexis L (1999 5) forwards that, they get more do than humans but cost less to operate. This is because they do need breaks, wages, holidays, canteens, heating and lighting.The quality of the work done is always of the same standard being materials are not wasted due to human error. The scholar in terms of speed also states that, automated systems can process information much more quickly than humans. This means they are good for controlling machinery that might need to be adjusted instantly. To plaza up the researcher notes that, records systems automation is a great enhancement for a records centre, but it comes with plenty of headaches. It is a time-consuming process. Records Centres may struggle to have the proper technology for the automation. Staff and patrons may need a lot of training to properly operate the new system.

Who Killed the Electric Car Essay Example for Free

Who Killed the Electric railway car EssayWho Killed the Electric Car? is presented as a whodone- it mystery. Staying true to this genre, the deal opens with demand background information, describes the crime committed, answering all of the what, where, and when questions, and then in the style of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gathers the suspects for close scrutiny, coming to a conclusion on the guilt or sinlessness of each. Opening with a bit of automotive history that establishes the electric car as a competitive alternative to the internal combustion engine, Who Killed the Electric Car? takes the viewer back to the beginning of the twentieth century and the dawn of the automotive age. A straightforward explanation of why gasoline beats out electrical energy as the fuel of choice and how the internal combustion engine wins dominance concludes the broad overview. The film then moves to the recent past with the introduction of the California tune Resources Board and their 1990 decis ion to require that ten percent of all cars sold in California by each car manufacturer be zero-emission vehicles by the year 2003. The Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde response of automotive companies is revealed production and marketing of zero-emission cars is detailed, a period during which the legal and political teams of the same manufacturers work to defeat the law that gave birth to forward-looking electric vehicles. While several manufacturers are included, the General Motors electric vehicle is featured. As this segment concludes, the success of the industrys legal strategy is symbolized by a celebrity-studded funeral for the electric car. This segment is filled with factual analysis that examines conflicting claims about emissions, practicality, costs of various fuels, and consumer demand. The second half of Who Killed the Electric Car?is protease inhibitor Holmes at his best. The seven suspects identified in the first half of the film are scrutinized. One by one, consumers, batt eries, oil companies, auto manufacturers, the U. S. government, the California Air Resources Board, and the newest villain, the hydrogen car, pass under the bare bulb in the inspectors interrogation room in an attempt to answer the question asked in the films title Who Killed the Electric Car? At the end of each segment the featured suspect is judged as guilty or innocent. The film ends on a positive note, recognizing a grassroots movement that envisions.

Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

popish conglomerate EssayThe Roman Empire had stretched so large by the fourth century CE that it had several provincial capitals. The two most important political centers were Rome in the wolfram and Constantinople in the East, which had formerly been called Byzantium. The emperor, Constantine the Great, rebuilt Byzantium to resemble Old Rome, and so this political center became known as the New Rome. Although those who lived in Constantinople referred to themselves as Romans and were part of the Roman Empire, historians now refer to the peoples of the Eastern Roman Empire as k nontys. Though the Byzantine Empire no longer remains, evidence from the era exists across Southern Europe, North Africa, Southwest Asia, and beyond. The Byzantines are famous for their intricate mosaics, like the golden ones here inside a church building in Istanbul, Turkey, which was once known as Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. How Did the Byzantines Continue the Roman Empire?By the end of the fourth century CE, the Roman Empire was permanently split into East and westernmost. While the Byzantine Empire in the East thrived, the Western Roman Empire experienced a serial publication of invasions, a declining economy, and poor drawship. In 476 CE, the last Roman emperor of the West, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by a Germanic prince named Odovacar. After the fall of Rome, Germanic kingdoms claimed former Roman lands. roads and other public structures fell into disrepair. Likewise, trade and commerce in the West declined. Without a powerful Western Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic church building became a unifying and powerful force in western Europe. In contrast, Byzantine emperors in the East were successful in keeping a powerful ground forces that they could send long distances. While the West was repeatedly invaded after the fourth century CE, the East succeeded in defending itself well enough that Constantinople survived nearly 1,000 days after the fall of Rome. Byzantine leaders continued Roman law and traditions. The Byzantine emperor Justinian is well known for codifying Roman laws. In the process, the authors removed conflicting, duplicated, and noncurrent Roman laws. Also during Justinians reign, artists revived Hellenistic art and literature. Many historians credit the Byzantine Empire for todays knowledge of ancient Greek and Roman cultures. As the West went into decline, scholars in theEast maintained great libraries and established schools for the study of ancient Greek and Roman history. They also continued Roman culture by corporate trust it with aspects of peoples closer to Constantinople. Most Byzantines were Greek, only a mix of North Afri deposes, Arabs, Persians, and Turks also lived within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire. Latin was the semiofficial language of the Roman Empire, but more people spoke Greek in the East. Eventually Greek became the official language in the Byzantine Empire. How Did Christianity Develop in the Byzantine Empire?Time and distance from Rome caused the Byzantine Empire to develop practices that were different from the West. This was e fussyly true of ChristianityByzantine emperors saw themselves as having authority over the whole Roman Empire, including the Catholic Church. The emperor had final authority on church matters. The Patriarch and otherbishops answered to the emperor. In the Byzantine Empire, the highest political authority and highest religious authority was the same person. However, in the West, kings and church leaders were separate, though kings answered to the popeChristianity helped unify the diverse people of the Byzantine Empire. Being head of the church gave the emperors the right to rule in the eyes of the people. Byzantine mosaics often show emperors with halos, emphasizing the connection to the church. The prominent role of Christianity in the empire is evident in the many Byzantine-era churches and the detailed works of art they contain. What Was the iconoclast Controversy?In the eighth and ninth centuries, the Byzantine Empire is probably most famous for theiconoclasm controversy. An icon is a holy image or mold of a revered holy figure such as Jesus Christ or a saint. A saint is someone who is recognized as holy or virtuous by the Church. Byzantine art frequently used human forms and symbols to represent important ideas and figures in Christianity. A great compete arose over whether this type of practice, including veneration of the icons, was acceptable.iconoclasts, meaning icon breakers, were those who were against the practice. They feared it could lead to idolatry, forbidden by the password.How Did the Controversy Affect the Byzantine Empire?The iconoclast debate became a political issue that lasted more than 100 years. Many historians say it was also the greatest intellectual debate over the purpose of art. The pope and bishops in the West supported the use of icons, as did most Byzantine bis hops. The practice had existed for centuries. As the emperor was head of the Byzantine church, he did not need support from church leaders to ban icons. In fact, people who continued to support icons during those times experiencedpersecution.What Other Issues Split East and West?The use of icons as religious symbols was not the only issue dividing the Eastern and Western churches. One was the use of leavened instead of unleavened bread in worship. Church leaders attached special importance to breads made with or without y easterly, per quotes in the Bible. They disagreed on the proper interpretations. Another issue was the power of the pope, who saw the position of the emperor over the patriarch in the East as a challenge to his own authority. In addition, the importance of Constantinople as an important Christian city was in debate. Church leaders in the West objected to Byzantine emperors claims of Constantinople having equal importance to Rome. What Was the Great Schism?By 1054, the differences between East and West had grown too wide. That year, pope Leo IX sent representatives to Constantinople. They insisted that Michael Cerularius, the patriarch of Constantinople, acknowledge the pope as his superior and Rome as the head of the Christian church. The delegates leader, acting on the popes behalf, excommunicated Cerularius. The patriarch excommunicated the delegates and the pope in return. This event marks the Great Schism, or split, in Christianity between East and West. The Church in the West became the Roman Catholic Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church continued to grow in the East, based in Constantinople. Roman Catholic Church Similarities Eastern Orthodox Church * Latin was official language * Pope has highest authority, over kings and emperors as well * Priests cannot marry * Married couples could not divorce * Centered in Rome * Both base teachings on Jesus and the Bible * Both offer sacraments, meaning special church services such as baptism * Bot h have priests and bishops as church leaders * Both want to convert othersto Christianity * Greek was official language * Patriarch and other bishops lead as a group * Emperor claimed authority over the patriarch * Priests can marry * Married couples could divorce under certain conditions * Centered in Constantinople The Byzantine Empires culture was already spreading to Slavic and other peoples further east and north. Many of these groups converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, especially because of the work of saints Cyril and Methodius. St. Cyril was talented in learning languages and worked to create the first written alphabet for the Slavonic language. He and St. Methodius then were able to begin translating the Bible into the new alphabet. They were missionaries to the Slavs, credited with spreading Christianity and Byzantine influence. Western Roman Empire Eastern (Byzantine) EmpireLatin was official language Iconoclast controversyPope was highest authority Orthodox Chur chCatholic Church Greek was official languageExcommunicated iconoclasts Patriarch was highest church leader Centered in Rome Centered in Constantinople